1) Definition (CUET-ready)
Satire is a mode of writing that uses humour, irony, exaggeration, ridicule, or wit to:
- expose,
- criticise,
- and (often) reform human vices, follies, social institutions, or political power.
Satire is not only “comedy”; it has a critical edge.
2) Core features of satire
A) Target
Satire always has a target:
- an individual,
- a social group,
- an institution,
- a belief system,
- a political practice.
B) Normative stance
Even when playful, satire implies:
- some standard of judgement (ethical, rational, social).
C) Techniques (high-yield)
- irony (verbal/situational),
- parody,
- hyperbole,
- understatement,
- caricature,
- mock seriousness,
- inversion.
Interlink: Wit, paradox, figures of speech, Enlightenment.
3) Types of satire (CUET-relevant)
A) Horatian satire
- gentle, amused, corrective,
- smiles at human folly.