1) Why this period is important (and how CUET PG frames it)
The “Post-Mauryan Period” marks:
- fragmentation after imperial centralization
- rise of regional and trans-regional powers
- intensified trade, monetization, and cultural exchange
- major developments in religion (Buddhism), art, and political forms
- strong use of numismatic evidence (coins) and inscriptions
CUET PG questions frequently target:
- identifying Indo-Greeks/Sakas/Kushanas/Western Kshatrapas
- coin features and what they indicate
- trade routes (Silk Route, maritime links)
- cultural outcomes: Gandhara/Mathura art, Mahayana growth, syncretism
- key rulers (e.g., Menander; Kanishka; Rudradaman)
2) The broad historical context: why “foreign” dynasties rise
The term “foreign” is misleading if treated simplistically. Many groups:
- entered through the northwestern corridors
- settled, intermarried, adopted local titles and practices
- became Indianized while also reshaping politics and culture
Drivers include:
- vacuum after Mauryas
- control over trade routes and frontier zones
- military mobility (cavalry) and new political networks
- economic opportunities in northwestern and western India.
3) Indo-Greeks
Origins and political setting
- emerged from Hellenistic successor states after Alexander’s campaigns
- controlled parts of northwest India in different phases
Coins as key evidence
Indo-Greek coins often show:
- bilingual legends (Greek + local scripts)
- portraits of rulers (Hellenistic style)
- deities and symbols reflecting mixed cultural idioms
Menander (Milinda) and Buddhism
- Menander is prominent due to the text Milindapanha (dialogue with Nagasena)
- often used to illustrate Buddhism’s intellectual reach and royal patronage networks (treat with source awareness).