What is John Rawls' Difference Principle in Political Theory?

John Rawls articulates the Difference Principle as the second part of his second principle of justice in A Theory of Justice (1971).

Key Tenets:

1. Justification of Inequalities: Social and economic inequalities are permissible only if they work to the maximum benefit of the least advantaged members of society.
2. The Original Position & Veil of Ignorance: Rational individuals behind a veil of ignorance (unaware of their social class, natural abilities, or intelligence) would choose principles that protect the worst-off (the maximin rule).
3. Lexical Priority: The Difference Principle is subordinate to the Greatest Equal Liberty Principle and the principle of Fair Equality of Opportunity. Basic liberties cannot be traded for economic gain.